A new report from a commission established by The Lancet Public Health reveals for the first time the global scale of the problem of gambling and its consequences, which are growing rapidly across the world.
The Lancet shows harms of gambling are much more extensive than previously thought, with about 80 million people worldwide suffering from gambling disorder, and 450 million affected to some degree by gambling harms.
Australia has a reputation as the world’s leading country for per capita gambling losses. Pokies, sports betting, racing, lotteries, casinos and all the other gambling products took $AU32 billion in 2022-23. That’s an average of $1555 from every adult, and it’s growing every year.
Increasingly, we’re aware of effects of these losses: Family breakdown and separation, domestic violence, loss of assets, neglect of children, crime and imprisonment, loss of employment or educational opportunities, mental and physical health issues, lifetime regret and shame, and in some cases suicide.
To this can be added many more people – children, partners and other family members and loved ones of those with gambling disorder – who experience major harm because of gambling.
The report highlights the rapid expansion of the gambling ecosystem globally, with high, middle and low-income countries now all in the sights of global gambling giants.
The new analysis reveals that gambling disorder affects about 15.8 percent of adults and 26.4 percent of adolescents who gamble using online casinos or slot products. About 9 percent of adults and 16.3 percent of adolescents who gamble on sports betting products experience gambling disorder.
The Commission found that some groups face heightened risks.
This includes children and adolescents who in some places like Australia are now routinely exposed to gambling promotions and advertising at a scale and in ways unimaginable even 10 years ago.
Gambling has become digitised and readily available via mobile technology. Accessibility is unprecedented, and heavily promoted by saturation marketing and sponsorship deals with sporting leagues and players.
The Commission’s report highlights that early exposure to gambling promotions and to gambling increase the risks of developing gambling problems later in life. Children and adolescents are particularly at risk, attracted by the allure of “easy money”, the game-like aspects of many online gambling products, and carefully cultivated associations with sport.
Additionally, gambling disproportionately affects disadvantaged groups, and makes a huge slice of its revenue from those who suffer from gambling disorder.
Mobile gambling, and the rapid uptake of mobile communications, means anyone, anywhere, can have a casino in their pocket for 24 hours a day. The global growth trajectory of this is now phenomenal, with gambling revenue (that is, losses by gamblers) estimated to hit $US1 trillion by 2030, up from about $US500 million currently.
Among its recommendations, the Commission calls for international agreements to regulate online gambling, the establishment of effective regulation in all countries, with support for those with limited experience of gambling operators. UN agencies such as the World Health Organization are urged to provide that assistance.
Overall, the Commission calls for urgent action in all countries to reduce gambling harm using a public health approach. This means that protection of the health and wellbeing of the population must be given priority over commercial interests. This is especially so when children and young people are concerned.
It calls for proper regulation and effective enforcement systems for commercial gambling, restriction of promotion and marketing, including advertising, and effective de-normalisation of gambling – which was a key element in the fight against smoking.
Importantly, the report recommends a focus on harm prevention, including using available technologies such as pre-commitment and cardless gaming, as introduced in Australian casinos in the wake of the Crown and Star scandals, and now also slated for club and pub pokies by the Victorian and Tasmanian governments.
The scale of commercial gambling has reached a tipping point. At this time, there is the possibility that effective action can stem the growth of avoidable harm from commercial gambling. However, as this business and its ecosystem expands – and in Australia, for example, wagering grew by 55 percent between 2018-19 and 2022-23, driven by online betting – it will become much more difficult to control.
The global call to action comes as the Australian government continues to delay its decision on a raft of recommendations of the all-party parliamentary inquiry into online gambling, chaired by the late Peta Murphy. The 31 unanimously-supported recommendations include banning all gambling advertising, and establishing a national regulator for online gambling.
The Commission’s report – arrived at by a much different and independent process, and adopting an international perspective – completely validates the conclusions and recommendations of Murphy’s committee, and in large part echoes them.
Implementation of the recommendations of these reports would go a long way towards preventing and reducing the harm that unprecedented promotion and accessibility to gambling provides.
We have the chance to put the interests of our children above those of corporate bookies, and their hangers-on, and demonstrate world-leading policy in regulation of gambling. It would be tragic to miss this opportunity, not just in Australia, but globally.
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Charles Livingstone is an Associate Professor, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine at Monash University and Head, Gambling and Social Determinants unit, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences.
Originally published under Creative Commons by 360info™.
